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Aritech (Advisor CD 7. Advisor CD 9. 5- 1. Aritech (Attender CS- 1. Aritech (Attender CS- 2. Aritech (Impact 3. Arrowhead (Avenger II, AV- 3. E)Arrowhead (Avenger IX, AV- 9. Arrowhead (EPK1, AV9. SC 8. 00- 1. 60. 0)Arrowhead (KP 6. FL, AV- 6. 50. 0, SP- 8. Arrowhead (SK1. L, SC- 8. SC- 1. 60. 0)AT& T (Security System 8. AT& T (Security System 8. Brinks (BHS- 1. 20. Brinks (BHS- 2. 00. A)Brinks (BHS- 2. B)Brinks (BHS- 2. Quick Reference)Brinks (BHS- 3. A)Brinks (BHS- 3. Quick Reference)Brinks (DTI- 6. Quick Reference)Brinks (DTI- 1. Quick Reference)C& K (2. C& K (Sierra 5. Sierra 5. 03. 1, Sierra 5. C& K (Sierra S5. Sierra S5. 01. 1, Sierra S5. C& K (Sierra S5. Sierra S5. 02. 1, Sierra S5. Caddx (8. 60. 0, 8. E, 8. 98. 0E, 9. 00. E)Caddx (Networ. X, NX- 1. Caddx (Networ. X, NX- 1. LED Keypad)Caddx (Networ. X, NX- 4, Networ. X NX- 6, Networ. X NX- 8)Caddx (Networ. X, NX- 5. 40)Caddx (Networ. X, NX- 6)Caddx (Ranger 8. Caddx (Ranger 8. 60. Caddx (Ranger 8. 60. Caddx (Ranger 8. 80. Caddx (Ranger 8. 90. DLX)Caddx (Ranger 8. Caddx (Ranger 8. 98. Caddx (Ranger 9. 00. Caddx (Ranger 9. 06. E)Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Quick Reference)Detection Systems (DS- 7. P)Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Quick Reference)Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. Detection Systems (DS- 7. DS- 7. 24. 0)Detection Systems (DS- 7. Xi Version 3+)Detection Systems (DS- 7. Xi Version 4+)Discovery (D- 1. Discovery (D- 3. 00. Discovery (D- 5. 00. DMP (Series 1. 51. Controls with 6. 70,7. DMP (Series 1. 71. Controls)DMP (Series 1. Controls)DMP (Series 1. Controls with 6. 70, 7. DMP (XR5)DMP (XR5. FC)DMP (XR5. SL)DMP (XR6)DMP (XR2. DMP (XR4. 0)DMP (XR2. DMP (XR2. 00- 4. 85)DMP (XR2. F)DSC (Classic PC- 5. DSC (Classic PC- 1. DSC (Envoy NT- 9. DSC (Envoy NT- 9. DSC (Escort v. 1. DSC (Escort 5. 58. DSC (Escort 5. 58. OTC v. 3. 0)DSC (LCD- 6. DSC (LCD- 5. 50. 1Z)DSC (Maxsys PC- 4. DSC (Maxsys PC- 4. DSC (Maxsys PC- 4. DSC (Maxsys Escort 4. DSC (PC- 5. 00)DSC (PC- 5. DSC (PC5. 50- 2. Z2)DSC (PC- 5. DSC (PC- 1. 00. 0)DSC (PC- 1. DSC (PC- 1. 50. 0, PC- 1. DSC (PC- 1. 57. 5)DSC (PC- 1. PC- 1. 83. 2, PC- 1. DSC (PC- 2. 00. 0)DSC (PC- 2. DSC (PC- 3. 00. 0)DSC (PC- 4. PC- 5. 93. 6)DSC (PC- 5. DSC (Power 6. 08 v. DSC (Power 6. 32- PC1. PC1. 55. 5MX)DSC (Power 8. PC5. 01. 0v. 1. 0)DSC (Power 8. PC5. 01. 5v. 2. 2)DSC (Power 8. PC5. 02. 0v. 1. 0)DSC (Power PC- 9. PC- 9. 04. 7)DSC (Power Series Start)DSC (WLS- 9. FBI (Legend- 1. 00)FBI (Legend- LED)FBI (Omni- 4. Omni- 4. 00eu, Omni- 6. Omni- 6. 00eu)FBI (Omni- 4. Omni- 4. 08eu)FBI (Omni- 6. Omni- 6. 24eu, Omni- 8. Omni- 8. 48eu)FBI (Omni- 1. FBI (Omni- 2. 00. FBI (XL- 1)FBI (XL- 2 Silver)FBI (XL- 2 Gold)FBI (XL- 2 Platinum)FBI (XL- 2)FBI (XL- 2. T)FBI (XL- 3)FBI (XL- 4, XL- 5)FBI (XL- 4. CPO)FBI (XL- 2. 0)FBI (XL- 2. FBI (XL- 3. 1)FBI (XL- 5. FBI (XL- 1. 21. 8R)FBI (XL- 1. R)FBI (XL- 4. 50. Star)FBI (XL- 4. 60. DL Star)FBI (XL- 4. Star)FBI (Star XL- 4. EZ)FBI (Starfone- 4. Fire- Lite (CMP- 2. B, CMP- 2. 40. 2B)Fire- Lite (MP- 1. Fire- Lite (MRP- 4. Fire- Lite (MS- 2, MS- 4)Fire- Lite (MS- 2. B, MS- 2. 41. 0BE)Fire- Lite (MS- 2. BC)Fire- Lite (MS- 4. MS- 4. 02. 4, CMS- 4. CMS- 4. 02. 4)Fire- Lite (MS- 4. B, MS- 4. 42. 4B)Fire- Lite (MS- 4. Fire- Lite (MS- 4. MS- 4. 82. 4)Fire- Lite (MS- 5. Fire- Lite (MS- 5. MS- 5. 02. 4E)Fire- Lite (MS- 5. UD, MS- 5. 02. 4UDE)Fire- Lite (MS- 5. UD, MS- 5. 21. 0UDE)Fire- Lite (MS- 9. C, MS- 9. 20. 0E)Fire- Lite (MS- 9. UD, MS- 9. 20. 0UDE)Fire- Lite (MS- 9. MS- 9. 60. 0E)Fire- Lite (Sensiscan- 2. Fire- Lite (Sensiscan- 2. First Alert (FA- 1. C)First Alert (FA- 1. C)First Alert (FA- 1. C)First Alert (FA- 1. C)First Alert (FA- 1. C, FA- 1. 48. CN)First Alert (FA- 1. C)First Alert (FA- 1. C, FA- 1. 68. CN, FA- 1. CP, FA- 1. 48. CN)First Alert (FA- 8. C)First Alert (FA- 1. CV)First Alert (FA- 1. C, FA- 1. 34. 0C. UL)First Alert (FA- 1. C, FA- 1. 60. 0CA, FA- 1. CB)First Alert (FA- 2. C)First Alert (FA- 2. C)First Alert (Ready. Guard)First Alert (Ready. Guard- R)First Alert (Ready. Guard- REN)Gardtec (3. Gardtec (3. 70)Gardtec (3. Gardtec (3. 82)Gardtec (5. Gardtec (5. 91)Gardtec (5. Guardall (Pi- 8)Guardall (Pi- 8 Comms)Guardall (PX- 1. Issue A, PX- 3. 4 Issue A)Guardall (PX- 8. Issue C, PX- 5. 00 Issue C)Guardall (Rascal- Plus)Guardall (Rascal- Super)ITI (Advent Commercial 6. ITI (Advent Commercial Fire 6. ITI (Advent Home Navigator 6. ITI (Care. Taker Plus)ITI (Commander- 2. ITI (Commander- RF)ITI (Concord)ITI (Concord- Express)ITI (Concord- v. ITI (International Concord)ITI (Simon)ITI (Simon- v. ITI (Simon XT)ITI (SX- V)ITI (Ultra. Guard)Menvier (TS- 4. TS- 4. 10)Menvier (TSD- 4. Menvier (TS- 5. 00, TS- 5. Menvier (TS- 6. 90, TS- 6. ID)Menvier (TS- 7. LED)Menvier (TS- 7. Starburst)Menvier (TS- 7. TS- 9. 00)Menvier (TS- 7. TS- 9. 00+)Menvier (TS- 2. V2+)Menvier (TS- 2. Moose (Z- 7. 00)Moose (Z- 8. Moose (Z- 9. 00)Moose (Z- 9. Moose (Z- 9. 50)Moose (Z- 1. Moose (Z- 1. 10. 0e)Moose (Z- 1. Moose (Z- 1. 25. 0)Moose (Z- 2. Napco (EVA- Electronic Voice Annunciator)Napco (Express XP- 4. Napco (Express XP- 6. Napco (Gemini, GEM- P4. Napco (Gemini, GEM- P8. Napco (Gemini, GEM- RP1. CA Keypad)Napco (Gemini, GEM- RP1. CAe Keypad)Napco (Gemini, GEM- RP3. DGTL Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert- 7. Napco (Magnum Alert- 7. Napco (Magnum Alert- 8. S)Napco (Magnum Alert- 8. HS)Napco (Magnum Alert- 8. Napco (Magnum Alert- 8. N)Napco (Magnum Alert- 8. Napco (Magnum Alert- 9. Napco (Magnum Alert- 1. Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 1. Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 1. D Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 1. Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 1. LCD Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 1. Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 2. LCD Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert RP- 3. LCD Keypad)Napco (Magnum Alert, MA- 3. Fire with CF- 3. 00. LCD Keypad)Napco (Magnum Fire Alert, MA- 6. Napco (Magnum RP- 1. 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Both R4 DS official kernel V1. Wood R4 Kernel can be used for Genuine R4 DS Revolution (R4 V2, R4 Version 2). Offers news on console related development, downloads, reviews, tutorials, and forums. [may not work with all browsers]. Buy and sell electronics, cars, fashion apparel, collectibles, sporting goods, digital cameras, baby items, coupons, and everything else on eBay, the world's online. Unofficial Wood R4 Kernel is written and updated by Yellow Wood Goblin. Wood Firmware for 3. DS XL, 3. DS, DSi XL or DSi ? Is Wood r. 4 compatible with SDHC Memory Cards ? Wood R4i Gold (www. Wood SDHC R4i Gold 3. DS. Now Wood r. 4 kernel is of real time feature, this R4i 3. DS card is also developed into R4i Gold 3. DS RTS version. Latest Usr. Cheat. Up - Usr. Cheat. Up. 2. 9. zip , DS Cheats Search Engine, Super. Cheats; Convert Save. Game and try Save. Games Converter. Want to run NES or SNES on R4. DS ? Download emulator from snemul. Download Acekard 2i Skins for Wood R4 DS. How ? Watch You. Tube Video Guide. Where to download DS ROMs ? Search 3. DS / DS games at Pirate Bay or Google. Remember to download and use clean ROMs, not patched ones)Wood R4 Kernel Download. R4 DS Official Kernel: If any question about use of Wood R4 Kernel, please feel free and send your e- mail to R4wood. We will respond within 2. Note: Do save the decompressed Wood R4 Kernel into the root directory of your Memory card Do not use any Memory card larger than 2. GB for Wood R4 (R4 V2, R4 Version 2)Wood R4 DS FAQIf games loading speed is very slow when using Wood R4, there may be too many fragments in Memory card/Micro SD card, please download Panasonic SDFormatter to have your memory card formatted. Click and download e. NDrypt. S Advanced 1. Q: How to access my save games from official kernel V1. I want to use this Wood R4 kernel ? A: Rename those xxx. SAV (xxx refering to the game name, xxx. SAV is save game format from Wood kernel, xxx. V1. 1. 8. Q: How to access Cheat DB for Wood R4 Kernel ? A: After download and install Wood kernel, you will find there is no Cheat access at File Info column. Access it this way. Setup DS Wifi setting and connect it - > Wood R4 Kernel Interface - > Start - > Tools - > Update (Press A button) - > Select Cheat DB on - > Confirm and console update automatically. Wood Kernel Installation. After downloading Wood kernel into your computer, decompress and extract this Wood R4 v. Win. Rar, get __rpg, _DS_MENU. DAT, changelog. txt, readme. Copy and save _rpg, _DS_MENU. DAT into the root directory of your memory card. Wood kernel installation completes. At the same time, you can save DS games to your memory card ( no larger than 2. GB capacity ). Buy Wood R4 DSWood R4 Kernel 1. Wood R4 Kernel 1. Core. Some homebrews dont' work Softreset improved Do shutdown if 3. D hardware locked up after soft- reset Direct SD saving is more accurate. Wood R4 Kernel 1. Interface. Simplified chinese localization updated Brazilian localization updated Romanian localization added 'deselect all' button in cheat dialog. Wood R4 Kernel 1. Compatibility'tomodachi collection (japan) (rev 1)' fixed 'radiant historia (japan)' fixed 'goldeneye 0. Wood R4 Kernel 1. Wood R4 Kernel V1. Core. Switched to devkitarm 3. Libnds not used now, Used special fork - libunds instead Folders with dot as a first symbol never shown Additional 3d engine reset at soft. Reset Touchscreen processing more accurate . Cheats goes from usrcheat. Can now delete all *. Micro. SD /TF card. Wood R4 Kernel V1. Interface. Rom property dialog speedup Custom icons setting for File types, Folders, nand, Microsd, Slot. Wood R4 Kernel V1. Compability'final fantasy - the 4 heroes of light (usa)', fixed 'final fantasy - the 4 heroes of light (europe)', fixed 'super scribblenauts (usa)', fixed 'lufia - curse of the sinistrals (usa)', fixed 'tenkaichi sengoku lovers ds (japan)', fixed freezes in underground in 'pokemon - platinum version' at some microsd cards, fixed 'professeur layton et le destin perdu (france)', fixed 'professor layton und die verlorene zukunft (germany)', fixed 'crime lab - body of evidence (europe)', fixed 'super scribblenauts (europe)', fixed 'professor layton e il futuro perduto, il (italy)', fixed 'strike witches 2 - iyasu naosu punipunisuru (japan)', fixed 'professor layton en de verloren toekomst (netherlands)', fixed 'profesor layton y el futuro perdido, el (spain)', fixed 'solatorobo (japan)', fixed 'sims 3, the (europe)', fixed 'ougon no taiyou - shikkokunaru yoake (japan)', fixed 'professor layton and the lost future (europe)', fixed. Wood R4 Kernel 1. Wood R4 Kernel V1. 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System Requirements: Windows 8/8,1, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 1. ![]() List of Middle- earth Elves - Wikipedia. In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth, often called Middle- earth, and set in the remote past. They appear in The Hobbit and in The Lord of the Rings. Their complex history is described in The Silmarillion, as well as in the Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle- earth. The following is an alphabetically ordered list of Elves that are named in Tolkien's works. It excludes the Half- elven such as Elrond and Arwen.
Elvish names have meanings in the Elvish languages devised by Tolkien, e. Quenya, Noldorin, Goldogrin, Sindarin. Tolkien decided late in his life that Elves of the Second Clan who lived in Eldamar bore several names: "father- name" (Quenya ataressë), given by the father"mother- name" (amilessë), given by the mother"after- name" (epessë), a nickname given by others later in life"self- name" (kilmessë), assumed by oneself. Most elves in Tolkien's writing appear with only one name. Aegnor was a Noldorin. Elf, a son of Finarfin and lord of the Noldor. Aegnor was the elder brother of Galadriel and younger brother of Finrod Felagund and Angrod; together with them joined the Exile of the Noldor from Valinor. Aegnor was "renowned as one of the most valiant of the warriors..; in wrath or battle the light of his eyes was like flame [which gave rise to his 'prophetic' mother- name], though otherwise he was a generous and noble spirit".[1]Later in Beleriand he was a vassal of Finrod and together with Angrod held the highlands of Dorthonion against Morgoth, but both were slain in the Dagor Bragollach. Aegnor never married. He was in love with the mortal. Elfen (auch Albe, Elben) ist eine Bezeichnung für eine sehr heterogene Gruppe von Fabelwesen in Mythologie und Literatur. Elfen sind Naturgeister, die ursprünglich. In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth, often called Middle-earth, and set in the remote past. In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. Etimología. La palabra elfo proviene del proto-germánico *albo-z, *albi-z, y del nórdico antiguo álfr, el alto alemán medio elbe. El femenino en español es. Andreth, but because it was wartime did not make his intentions towards her clear, and was killed soon after.[2]The name Aegnor (pronounced [ˈaeɡnɔr]), is a Sindarized form of his Quenya mother- name Aicanáro or Aicanar ([aikaˈnaːrɔ]), meaning "Fell- fire", apparently given with regards to his character. His father- name was Ambaráto (in Telerin Quenya), meaning "High Noble". ![]() In earlier versions of Tolkien's books (cf. The History of Middle- earth), the character's name was Egnor. In some of the earliest stories (cf. The Book of Lost Tales), this was the name of the father of Beren (who then was a Noldorin Elf, not a Man as in later writings). It is unlikely that this earlier Egnor was the same character. The name Aegnor was assigned to the movie- only character Figwit for the trading card game. Amarië (pronounced [aˈmariɛ]) was a Vanyarin Elf who was in love with Finrod Felagund, and he with her. She did not follow him to Middle- earth. Finrod never married anyone else while in Middle- earth. It is noted in The Lay of Leithian that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and "now dwells with Amarië", so they probably were wed later. Amdír was an Elven king during the Second Age. He only appears in Unfinished Tales, a posthumously published collection of writings edited by Tolkien's son Christopher. He was conceived as a Sindarin Elf from Doriath who left east into Eriador after the War of Wrath. He took over the realm of Lórinand (later called Lothlórien) from Silvan Elves who had had no lords before, south of where Oropher (father of Thranduil the Elvenking of The Hobbit and grandfather of Legolas of The Lord of the Rings) established a realm among the Silvan Elves of Mirkwood. Tolkien wrote that Amdír was killed in the War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men in S. A. 3. 43. 4, during the Battle of Dagorlad. He and his troops were cut off from their allies into marshland, where more than half of them, including the King, were lost. The area later became known as the Dead Marshes. After his death his son Amroth became King of Lórinand. In another version of the events, Tolkien called the character Malgalad. Amras was the twin brother of Amrod, son of Fëanor and Nerdanel. Together they were the youngest of seven children, all male. Amras followed his father and his brothers to Middle- earth to war against the Dark Lord Morgoth, against the wishes of their guardians, the angelic, even godlike Valar. Amras' father- name in Quenya is Telufinwë, "Last Finwë" (after his grandfather Finwë; also he was the youngest and last son). His mother- name is Ambarussa, as was Amrod's originally. Amrod was the twin brother of Amras son of Fëanor and Nerdanel. Amras followed his father and his brothers on their venture to Middle- earth. Amrod's father- name in Quenya is Pityafinwë, "Little Finwë". His mother- name was originally Ambarussa "top- russet", referring to his red hair (most of Tolkien's named Elves have dark hair). He shared this name with Amras. Later Nerdanel later called him Umbarto, "the Fated". His father, disturbed by it, changed it to Ambarto. Nevertheless, both twins called each other Ambarussa. Amroth, son of Amdír, was a Sindarin Elf who succeeded his father as Lord of Lothlórien. He journeyed south to Edhellond, an old haven of his people, together with Nimrodel, his beloved. However, Nimrodel was lost in the Ered Nimrais, and Amroth delayed his departure to Valinor to wait for her. His ship was blown out to sea, but he thought he saw Nimrodel on the quays, and jumped overboard to swim back to her. He drowned in the Bay of Belfalas and never returned home. Dol Amroth in southern Gondor is named for him, as are several places in Lórien. In earlier versions of the legendarium, Amroth was briefly Galadriel and Celeborn's son, brother to Celebrían, but this idea was dropped. Anairë was the Noldorin wife of Fingolfin and mother of Fingon, Turgon, Aredhel, and Argon. She did not leave Aman with her husband because of her friendship with Eärwen of the Teleri, the wife of Finarfin. Her name is Quenya and means "Holiest."Anairë is only mentioned in The History of Middle- earth. Angrod (pronounced [ˈaŋɡrɔd]) was a son of Finarfin and lord of the Noldor. Angrod was the elder brother of Galadriel and Aegnor, and the younger brother of Finrod Felagund. He joined the Exile of the Noldor to Middle- earth, where together with Aegnor he held the highlands of Dorthonion against Morgoth. Aegnor and Angrod were both killed in the Dagor Bragollach. His wife was an Elven lady named Eldalótë. His son was Orodreth, who escaped to Nargothrond when his father was slain. Angrod was thus the grandfather of Gil- galad, Orodreth's son. His name was a Sindarized form of his Telerin. Quenya name Angaráto[aŋɡaˈraːtɔ], which means "Iron- noble". This is a reference to his hands of great strength and an early received epessëAngamaitë 'iron- handed'. In the published The Silmarillion, Orodreth is given as Angrod's brother instead, following the extant narrative texts; Tolkien never altered them to reflect the later family tree. This was an editorial decision by Christopher Tolkien which he admitted as a mistake. Annael was a Sinda of Mithrim. He fought in the Nírnaeth Arnoediad and hid in the caves of Androth in Mithrim after Hithlum was taken by the Easterlings. There he fostered Tuor. When Tuor was sixteen, Annael and his group attempted to move to the south, but were broken up by Orcs and Easterlings. Annael finally escaped Dor- lómin to Círdan's people in the far south of Beleriand. Aredhel (Y. T. 1. Y. S. 4. 00; died aged 1. Quenya as Írissë) is the daughter of Fingolfin and Anairë, sister of Fingon, Turgon and Argon, and mother of Maeglin. She was also known as Ar- Feiniel which in one translation means "The White Lady (of the Noldor)", as it is said that she was very pale, and wore only silver and white clothes. The names Aredhel ('noble Elf') and Ar- Feiniel ('noble white lady') were both originally intended to stand alone, replacing the name Isfin.[3] The original name from the Fall of Gondolin of 1. Isfin meaning snowlocks or exceedingly cunning.[4]Argon was the fourth child of Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor in Beleriand. His mother was Anairë, and his brothers were Fingon, and Turgon. He had an older sister, Aredhel. Elfo - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. Los elfos son criaturas de la mitología nórdica y germánica. Originalmente se trataba de una raza menor de la fertilidad y representados como hombres y mujeres jóvenes, de gran belleza, que viven en bosques, cuevas o fuentes. Se los consideraba como seres de larga vida o inmortales y con poderes de vida.[1]La palabra elfo proviene del proto- germánico*albo- z, *albi- z, y del nórdico antiguoálfr, el alto alemán medioelbe. El femenino en español es "elfina/elfa", "elfinas/elfas" (en plural). La etimología primordial puede ser la raíz proto- indoeuropea*albh- que significa "blanco", del cual también proviene el latínalbus "blanco".[2][3]Los términos correspondientes en las lenguas germánicas son: Germánico nórdico. Germánico occidental. Inglés: elf, elfen, elven (de inglés antiguo: ælf)Neerlandés: elf, elfen, elven, alven (de neerlandés medio: alf)Alemán: del inglés: Elf (m), Elfe (f), Elfen elfos. El masculino Elb es reconstruido del plural por Jacob Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, quien rechaza Elfe como un anglicismo reciente (en 1. Elb (m, plural Elbe o Elben) es un término reconstruido, mientras que Elbe (f) está atestiguado en el alto alemán medio. Alb, Alp (m), plural Alpe tiene el significado de "íncubo" (antiguo alto alemánalp, plural *alpî o *elpî). Elfos en la mitología nórdica[editar]. El dios Frey, señor de los elfos de la luz. El héroe Völundr el Herrero, el 'señor/sabio de los elfos' (vísi álfar), a veces relacionados con los enanos, apodados 'elfos oscuros' (dökkálfar). Las descripciones más tempranas preservadas de los elfos provienen de la mitología nórdica. En nórdico antiguo eran llamados álfar (singular, caso nominativo: álfr), y a pesar de que no existen descripciones más antiguas o contemporáneas, la aparición de seres etimológicamente relacionados a los álfar en varios folklores posteriores, sugiere fuertemente que la creencia en elfos era común entre todos los pueblos germánicos, y que no solo se limitaba a los antiguos escandinavos. A pesar de que el concepto en sí mismo nunca está definido claramente en las fuentes existentes, los elfos parecen haber sido concebidos como seres o espíritus poderosos y hermosos. Nunca se han registrado mitos sobre los elfos. Varios hombres famosos parecen haber sido elevados al rango de elfos luego de su muerte, como el rey Olaf Geirstad- Alf. El héroe herrero Völundr (o Völund) es identificado como 'señor, líder, o sabio de los elfos' (vísi álfa, de víss, "certero, sabio") en el poema Völundarkvida. Un segundo título de Völundr es más oscuro: álfa ljóði, donde la raíz apunta a la expresión poética ljóðr o lýðr, "un pueblo, gente, hombres".,[5][6] Este título se ha interpretado como "líder de los álfar", pero más probablemente como "uno del pueblo de los álfar", indicando que Völundr es uno de ellos y no simplemente un humano.[6] En la Saga de Thidrek una reina humana se sorprende al descubrir que el amante que la embarazó es un elfo y no un hombre. En la Hrólfs saga kraka un rey llamado Helgi viola y embaraza a una elfina vestida de seda. Consecuentemente, el cruce entre elfos y humanos es posible en la antigua creencia nórdica. La reina humana que tuvo un amante elfo dio a luz al héroe Högni, y la elfina que fue violada por Helgi dio a luz a Skuld, quien se casó con Hjörvard, el asesino de Hrólfr Kraki. La Hrólfs saga kraka agrega que ya que Skuld era medio- elfo, era muy habilidosa en la hechicería (seid), y a tal punto que era casi invencible en la batalla. Cuando sus guerreros caían, ella los levantaba nuevamente para que continuaran luchando. La única manera de derrotarla era capturarla antes de que pudiera convocar a sus ejércitos, que incluían guerreros élficos.[7]Hay también declaraciones en la Heimskringla y en la Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar de una línea de reyes locales que gobernaron Álfheim, que se correspondía con la provincia moderna sueca de Bohuslän y la provincia noruega de Østfold, y ya que tenían sangre élfica, se decía que eran más hermosos que la mayoría de los hombres. La tierra gobernada por el rey Alf era llamada Alfheim, y toda su prole está relacionada a los elfos. Eran más hermosos que cualquier otra persona..[8]El último rey es llamado Gandalf.[9]Además de estos aspectos humanos, se los describe como seres semi- divinos asociados a la fertilidad y el culto a los ancestros. De esta forma, la noción de elfo se asemeja a la creencia animista en espíritus de la naturaleza y de los muertos, común a casi todas las religiones humanas; lo que también se corresponde con la antigua creencia nórdica en dísir, fylgjur y vörðar (espíritus seguidores y protectores). Como los espíritus, los elfos no estaban atados a limitaciones físicas y podían atravesar paredes y puertas, tal como sucede en Norna- Gests þáttr. El historiador islandés Snorri Sturluson se refiere a los enanos (dvergar) como "elfos oscuros" (dökkálfar) o "elfos negros" (svartálfar); pero es incierto si esto refleja la creencia escandinava en su conjunto.[1. Se refiere a otros elfos como "elfos de la luz" (ljósálfar), lo cual se ha asociado a la conexión de los elfos con Frey, el dios del sol (de acuerdo a Grímnismál, Edda poética). Snorri describe las diferencias de los elfos de esta manera: "Allí [en el cielo] hay un lugar que es llamado Hogar de los elfos (Álfheimr). Las personas que viven allí son llamadas elfos de la luz (Ljósálfar). Pero los elfos oscuros (Dökkálfar) viven bajo la tierra, y no se asemejan en apariencia a ellos - y tampoco se asemejan en la realidad. Los elfos de la luz son más brillantes que la apariencia del sol, pero los elfos oscuros son más negros que la oscuridad en sí." (Snorri, Gylfaginning 1. Edda prosaica)"Sá er einn staðr þar, er kallaðr er Álfheimr. Ljósálfar heita, en Dökkálfar búa niðri í jörðu, ok eru þeir ólíkir þeim sýnum ok miklu ólíkari reyndum. Ljósálfar eru fegri en sól sýnum, en Dökkálfar eru svartari en bik."[1. Mayor evidencia de la presencia de elfos en la mitología nórdica proviene de la poesía escáldica, la Edda poética y de las sagas legendarias. En ellas, los elfos están relacionados con los Æsir, particularmente por la frase común "Æsir y los elfos", que presumiblemente signifique "todos los dioses".[1. Algunos eruditos han comparado a los elfos con los Vanir.[1. Pero en Alvíssmál ("Dichos de Alvíss"), se considera a los elfos como seres distintos de los Vanir y los Æsir, como se revela por una serie de nombres comparativos en los cuales se da las propias versiones de varias palabras para los Æsir, los Vanir, y los elfos como reflejo de sus preferencias raciales individuales. Es posible que estas palabras marquen una diferencia de estatus entre los mayores dioses de la fertilidad, los Vanir, y los menores, los elfos. La Grímnismál cuenta que el Van Frey era el señor de Álfheim ("mundo de los elfos"), y hogar de los elfos de la luz. La Lokasenna cuenta como un gran grupo de Æsir y elfos se habían reunido en la corte de Ægir para un banquete. Había presente varios sirvientes de los dioses, como Byggvir y Beyla, que pertenecían a Frey, señor de los elfos, que eran probablemente elfos en sí, ya que no eran contados entre los dioses. Se mencionan también otros dos sirvientes, Fimafeng (asesinado por Loki) y Eldir. Un poema de cerca de 1. Austrfaravísur ('Versos de viajes al este') de Sigvat Thordarson, menciona que, como cristiano, se le negó la entrada a una residencia pagana, en Suecia, porque se estaba llevando a cabo un álfablót ("sacrificio a los elfos"). Sin embargo, no se tiene más información confiable sobre a lo que un álfablót implica,[1. Además, en la Saga de Kormák se evidencia la creencia de que sacrificar para los elfos podía curar graves heridas de combate: Þorvarð se curó lentamente; y cuando se pudo parar fue a ver a Þorðís, y le preguntó qué podría ayudarle a curarse mejor."Hay una colina", le respondió, "no lejos de aquí, donde los elfos tienen su refugio. |
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